Plasmodium

Be sure to answer every part of each question. Diagrams, bullets or paragraph form are all acceptable approaches unless specified in the question. Use your own words. It doesn’t need to be fancy but it does need to be complete and clear.

1. Describe the life cycle of Plasmodium, the protozoan that causes Malaria. Trace the life cycle of the organism as it moves full circle from a person who is bitten by an infected mosquito on to a second mosquito biting a second person. If you use a diagram, be sure to explain each step in the process. There should be 2 locations in the mosquito (gut and saliva) and three in the person (bite, liver, blood)
2. Diagram the life cycle of a jellyfish. Include gametes, planula larvae, polyp, ephyra and medusa stages. Indicate the stages where sexual and asexual reproduction occurs.
3. Trace the path of water as it enters a clam rich in food and oxygen and exits clam with waste products. Include the roles (jobs) of the gills and labial palps. Labeled diagram OK.
4. Octopus and cuttlefish are known for their ability to change color. Explain how chromatophores and iridophores each make the skin color change. What is happening inside these two cell types? Labeled diagram OK
5. Describe or diagram how most spiders consume food, gather oxygen and eliminate wastes from blood.
6. Define and describe the processes of incomplete and complete metamorphosis in insects.
   1. Description of key steps in each process
   2. Point out how they differ
   3. A labeled diagram of the stages for each process – must include a little picture and the names for each stage
   4. Mention an insect example for each process
7. Insects exchange oxygen using a unique system of spiracles and trachea.
   1. Draw and label a simple diagram showing this part of their body plan.
   2. Explain the path of air into the insect’s body and to the cells of the intestine.
   3. Explain what causes the air to enter and leave the body via the spiracles?
8. Explain how some crabs, which have a water-breathing gill, manage to spend so much time out of the water. Include a description of the gill structure of a crab and how is this different than the gill of the crawfish?
9. Describe the key functional differences between an open circulatory system and a closed circulatory system. Explain how blood gets into and out of the heart in each system. Provide an invertebrate organism example for each.
10. Explain and diagram how the tube feet work on a sea star. Include ampulla, water vascular system and madreporite in your answer.