Reflection essay 14

After reading the text material, journal articles, and watching the videos, please write your reflection paper based on the following rubric.

1. APA citations of sources

2. Summarize the articles, text, and videos

3. What is your current understanding of the changes in football and other sports based on new research about head injuries such as CTE?

Title page, 2 full content pages with citations, Reference page

This week we will look at Neurocognitive Disorders. When you think of neurocognitive disorders, what comes to mind? This category of disorders includes a wide array of disorders that include organic brain disorders ( born with it disorders such as learning or developmental delays), traumatic brain injury cognitive deficits and losses, and over 150 types of dementias. A commonly known neurocognitive disorder is Alzheimer’s Disease ( it’s not “old timer’s!). This illness is one type of dementia, though common and quite devastating.

These disorders are diagnosed through a variety of clinical assessments and neuroimaging such as fMRI, PET and CT scans, as well as paper and pencil assessments and interviews done by clinical psychologists and neuropsychologists.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-neuropsychological-society/article/abs/prospective-headtohead-study-of-three-computerized-neurocognitive-assessment-tools-part-2-utility-for-assessment-of-mild-traumatic-brain-injury-in-emergency-department-patients/08D3FB71E2ECBAC55A500BD55F91F15D

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of three computerized neurocognitive assessment tools (CNTs; i.e., ANAM, DANA, and ImPACT) for assessing mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in patients recruited through a level I trauma center emergency department (ED). Methods: mTBI (n=94) and matched trauma control (n=80) subjects recruited from a level I trauma center emergency department completed symptom and neurocognitive assessments within 72 hr of injury and at 15 and 45 days post-injury. Concussion symptoms were also assessed via phone at 8 days post-injury. Results: CNTs did not differentiate between groups at any time point (e.g., M 72-hr Cohen’s d=−.16, .02, and .00 for ANAM, DANA, and ImPACT, respectively; negative values reflect greater impairment in the mTBI group). Roughly a quarter of stability coefficients were over .70 across measures and test–retest intervals in controls. In contrast, concussion symptom score differentiated mTBI vs. control groups acutely), with this effect size diminished over time (72-hr and day 8, 15, and 45 Cohen’s d=−.78, −.60, −.49, and −.35, respectively). Conclusions: The CNTs evaluated, developed and widely used to assess sport-related concussion, did not yield significant differences between patients with mTBI versus other injuries. Symptom scores better differentiated groups than CNTs, with effect sizes weaker than those reported in sport-related concussion studies. Nonspecific injury factors, and other characteristics common in ED settings, likely affect CNT performance across trauma patients as a whole and thereby diminish the validity of CNTs for assessing mTBI in this patient population. (JINS, 2017, 23, 293–303)

https://molecularneurodegeneration.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13024-019-0306-8?utm_source=sn&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=null&utm_campaign=SRCL_1_AS02_Highlights2019_Neurosciences_Articles

Chris Nowinski: Can I have your brain? The quest for truth on concussions and CTE https://www.ted.com/talks/chris_nowinski_can_i_have_your_brain_the_quest_for_truth_on_concussions_and_cte